Frame Systems, Semantic Networks, Unification

This is not a complete library. I was just experimenting with representation and reasoning. I started out with some sort of semantic network. Always handy to represent Objects and Relations. Then, they became frames, so I could also represent typical qualities of objects, and inheritance with exceptions (the penguin is a bird, but can't fly). Then I thought it would be nice to be able to reason with the relations in a Prolog kind of way. So I created a unification routine that is able to make some simple non-recursive inductions regarding relations. This is where I stopped, because I realized I had no idea where to go next and what to do with the library. There are many possibilities. And it is not a simple task to integrate all these types of representation and reasoning.

• Frames. A frame is something that can have any number of types (can belong to more than one group, multiple inheritance).
• A Frame can be either an Object, a Relation, or a Type. An object is just an identifier. All its characteristics are not built into the object, but are Relations, multi-valued predicates that say something about the object. Relations may apply to all sorts of Frames. relations (is a kind of). These are explicit part of the objects.
• Logical inference rules, which are an elementary subset of Prolog rules (like: father(x, y) :- parent(x, y), male(x).)

• Frames and Logical Inference are integrated. It is possible to reason logically with the system, but it also allows exceptions to rules (All birds fly, penguins are birds, penguins don't fly). All relations are represented in first order predicate logic, except for taxonomic hierarchical
• It is possible to Ask the model a query. It will return bindings, all possible bindings of variables in the query onto concrete values.
• I also considered Production Systems for reasoning, but I found them to be unsuitable for the simple tasks I had in mind. I don't understand why one should choose a Production System for logical reasoning. It's very brute force (forward chaining) and seems to be most useful for the kinds of reasoning used for planning problems.

    CFSObjectType *Animal = new CFSObjectType("Animal");
    CFSObjectType *Bird = new CFSObjectType("Bird");
    CFSObjectType *Mammal = new CFSObjectType("Mammal");
    ...

    CFSObject *Opus = new CFSObject("Opus");
    CFSObject *Bill = new CFSObject("Bill");
    CFSObject *Pat = new CFSObject("Pat");
    ...

    Bird->AddType(Animal);
    Mammal->AddType(Animal);
    Penguin->AddType(Bird);
    ...

    Opus->AddType(Penguin);
    Magnum->AddType(Penguin);
    Bill->AddType(Cat);
    ...

    Model.Add(Animal);
    Model.Add(Bird);
    Model.Add(Mammal);
    ...

    CFSRelationType *CanFly = new CFSRelationType("can fly");
    CanFly->AddRole("subject");
    Model.Add(CanFly);
    ...

    CFSRelationType *Friend = new CFSRelationType("friend");
    Friend->AddRole("subject1");
    Friend->AddRole("subject2");
    Model.Add(Friend);
    ...

    // a friend is always someone you know
    Friend->AddType(Knows);

    // a typical animal does not fly
    Relation = new CFSRelation(CanFly);
    Relation->SetRoleValue("subject", Animal);
    Relation->SetTruth(false);
    Model.Add(Relation);
    ...

    // a father is a parent
    // parent(x, y) :- father(x, y).
    Relation = new CFSRelation(Parent);
    Relation->SetRoleValue("subject1", X);
    Relation->SetRoleValue("subject2", Y);
    Rule = new CFSRule(Relation);
    Model.Add(Rule);
    Relation = new CFSRelation(Father);
    Relation->SetRoleValue("subject1", X);
    Relation->SetRoleValue("subject2", Y);
    Rule->AddCondition(Relation);
    ...

    /* queries */

    // we said that
    // 1) Opus is a penguin (type)
    // 2) A penguin is a bird (type)
    // 3) Birds typically have 2 legs (relation)
    // How many legs has Opus?
    CFSRelation Query1(LegCount);
    Query1.SetRoleValue("subject", Opus);
    Query1.SetRoleValue("count", X);
    Bindings = Model.Ask(&Query1);
    assert(Bindings.GetLength() > 0);
    // the number of legs is taken from the first relation found (a LegCount)
    // it's taken from its 'count' role
    Value = (int)(((CFSObjectNumber *)Bindings.Get(0).GetValue(X))->GetFloat());
    printf("Opus has %d legs.\n", Value);

    // we said that
    // 1) Opus is a penguin (type)
    // 2) A penguin can't fly (relation)
    // 3) A penguin is a bird (type)
    // 4) Birds fly (relation)
    // can Opus fly?
    CFSRelation Query2(CanFly);
    Query2.SetRoleValue("subject", Opus);
    Query2.SetTruth(false);
    Exists = Model.AskExists(&Query2);
    if (Exists) printf("Opus can't fly.\n");
    else printf("Opus can fly.\n");

    // we said that
    // 1) to be a friend of someone is to know him (relation type)
    // 2) Bill is Opus' friend (relation)
    // does Opus know Bill?
    CFSRelation Query3(Knows);
    Query3.SetRoleValue("subject1", Opus);
    Query3.SetRoleValue("subject2", Bill);
    Exists = Model.AskExists(&Query3);
    if (Exists) printf("Opus knows Bill.\n");
    else printf("Opus doesn't know Bill.\n");

    // we said
    // 1) a friend of a friend is always a friend (rule)
    // 2) Bill is Opus' friend (relation)
    // 3) Opus is Pat's friend (relation)
    // is Bill Pat's friend?
    CFSRelation Query4(Friend);
    Query4.SetRoleValue("subject1", Bill);
    Query4.SetRoleValue("subject2", Pat);
    Exists = Model.AskExists(&Query4);
    if (Exists) printf("Bill is Pat's friend\n");
    else printf("Bill is not Pat's friend\n");

    // given
    // 1) Opus is Bill's father
    // 2) Opus is Pat's father
    // 3) A father is a parent
    // 4) If a is parent of b, b is child of a
    // How many animals can say they are Opus' child? - or -
    // how many children has Opus?
    CFSRelation Query5(Child);
    Query5.SetRoleValue("subject1", X);
    Query5.SetRoleValue("subject2", Opus);
    Bindings = Model.Ask(&Query5);
    printf("Opus has %d children: ", Bindings.GetLength());
    for (int Index=0; Index < Bindings.GetLength(); Index++)
    {
        printf("%s ", Bindings.Get(Index).GetValue(X)->ToString().GetBuffer());
    }
    printf("\n");